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• 10-Minute Sampler
• Introduction
• Vocal Range of Songbirds
• Importance of Song
• Birdsong: Learned or Innate?
• Syrinx: Dual Voicebox
• Calls and Songs
• Call Notes
• Chicken Calls
• Song and Breathing
• Circular Breathing
• Egg Calls
• Coiled Trachea
• Throat Singing
• Whistling
• Size and Sound
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• Drumming: Woodpeckers Etc.
• Song Duels?
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Program Information — Series 1 & 2
Click on a program in the right-hand column to see a description and program notes.

European Starling - Hip Hop Mimic Program Description The European starling has spread across the U.S. since its introduction. Its mimicry is frenetic and inventive. Program & Recording Notes This amazing song of a single European starling can be found on the CD collection Bird Songs of California produced by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The notes that accompanied the recording were helpful in recognizing the mimicry. The snippets of the calls of the sora and red-tailed hawk can be found in the same collection.

Series 1 Introduction Vocal Range Importance of Song Avoiding Monotony Learning Song Hip Hop Mimicry Hummingbird Complexity Syrinx Anatomy Internal Duets (Cardinal) Internal Duets (Cowbird) Internal Duets (Thrushes) Syrinx & Pan Pipes Series 2 Songs & Calls Call Repertoires Alarm Calls Mobbing Calls Call Notes Cross-Species Alarms Pishing Breathing Lungs & Air Sacs Circular Breathing Resonance Cooing